Piracetam

The original racetam — synthesised by Corneliu Giurgea in 1964 and the founding compound of the nootropic category.

Why it matters

Piracetam is widely used in Europe under prescription for cognitive disorders and is sold OTC as a supplement in some jurisdictions. Mechanistically it modulates AMPA glutamate receptors, increases acetylcholine activity, and improves membrane fluidity in older neurons. Clinical evidence is strongest in cognitive decline and stroke recovery; evidence in healthy cognition is mixed.

In practice

Typical doses range 1.6g to 4.8g daily, often split. Onset of perceptible effect is gradual (days to weeks). The safety record is strong; common side effects include headache (often offset by choline supplementation) and irritability.

Common confusion

Piracetam is sometimes described as a “smart drug.” In healthy adults the effect is generally subtle.

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